Database Ransomware: How Automated Attacks Target Cloud Data

Many modern businesses rely on cloud databases, but this reliance has introduced new risks. Database ransomware attacks are now a silent and automated threat, capitalizing on the very tools organizations use daily. Unlike traditional malware-based attacks, these incidents often involve no custom software, making them harder to detect and prevent.

Malware-less Tactics: The New Playbook

Cybercriminals have shifted strategies. Instead of injecting malicious binaries, they now exploit database misconfigurations, such as weak passwords or missing authentication, to gain unauthorized access. Once inside, attackers can exfiltrate or destroy data using standard database commands, often leaving ransom notes within the system itself.

• Bypassing security tools: No malware means traditional antivirus solutions are ineffective.
  
  
• Targeting misconfigurations: Attackers focus on simple missteps, not complex software flaws.
  
  
• Automated attacks: Bots can scan for and attack exposed databases within minutes.
  
  
• Double extortion: Attackers threaten both data destruction and public leaks to pressure payment.

How Database Ransomware Attacks Unfold

These attacks typically target databases that should remain private, such as those holding customer or proprietary information. Attackers scan for open ports (like 3306 for MySQL or 5432 for PostgreSQL), identify the service, and attempt to log in using default or weak credentials.

• Stealing or erasing sensitive data
  
  
• Placing ransom notes in conspicuous tables (e.g., README_TO_RECOVER)
  
  
• Demanding cryptocurrency payments and threatening public exposure

Some attackers also use compromised access to move laterally within the network, escalating their privileges and broadening the impact.

Which Databases Are Most at Risk?

Current research shows MongoDB and PostgreSQL as the primary targets, followed by MySQL variants. The risk is highest where popularity meets frequent misconfiguration. Even databases like Redis, less commonly exposed, can be vulnerable if security settings are weak.

Ultimately, exposure and configuration dictate risk. A well-known database can be just as vulnerable as a niche one if left open without the right controls.

Defensive Strategies for Organizations

Prevention

• Keep databases on private networks protected by firewalls and security groups.
  
  
• Limit remote access via secure jump servers and require multi-factor authentication (MFA).
  
  
• Disable passwordless logins and enforce strong, unique credentials.
  
  
• Automate backups and store them securely to enable quick recovery.

Detection

• Continuously scan for exposed services and misconfigurations.
  
  
• Monitor for Indicators of Compromise (IOCs), such as new tables named “README_TO_RECOVER” or ransom notes demanding cryptocurrency.

Leveraging Wiz for Automated Defense

Wiz offers a dynamic platform that continuously scans for exposed database instances and configuration issues across cloud environments. Its agentless approach detects ransomware-specific IOCs, alerting users to ransom notes or suspicious changes. By proactively reviewing findings and attack surface rules, organizations can address vulnerabilities before they are exploited.

Staying Ahead of Database Ransomware

Database ransomware represents a rapidly evolving threat that exploits the weakest links in cloud security; misconfigured and exposed databases. Organizations must combine robust prevention with vigilant detection to minimize risk. Automated tools like Wiz provide the visibility and response capabilities necessary to stop attackers before they can exploit vulnerabilities and extort your business.

Source: Wiz Blog